Research Papers

Dysregulated Liver Metabolism in PCOS​

• Published: 2023

• Source: PMC

• Study Design: Review article.

• Findings: The liver plays a crucial role in metabolising sex hormones. Impaired liver function can lead to decreased sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, exacerbating hyperandrogenism in PCOS.

• Key Insights: Liver dysfunction contributes to hormonal imbalances in PCOS, highlighting the need for liver-focused therapeutic strategies.

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Endometriosis, Pain, and Related Psychological Disorders: Unveiling the Interplay among the Microbiome, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress as a Common Thread
Published: 2023
Source: PMC
Study Design: Review article.
Findings: The gut microbiome influences estrogen metabolism via the estrobolome, affecting estrogen levels and potentially contributing to endometriosis.
Key Insights: Liver function, in conjunction with gut microbiota, plays a crucial role in estrogen clearance, impacting endometriosis development.

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Clinical, Biochemical, and Hormonal Associations in Female Patients with Acne: A Study and Literature Review
Published: 2017
Source: PMC
Study Design: Clinical study and literature review.
Findings: High prevalence of hormonal imbalances, including insulin resistance and elevated androgens, in women with acne.
Key Insights: Hormonal imbalances associated with acne may be linked to liver function, as the liver plays a role in hormone metabolism and clearance.

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Correlating the Gut Microbiota and Circulating Hormones with Acne Lesion Counts and Skin Biophysical Features
Published: 2023
Source: PMC
Study Design: Observational study.
Findings: Associations between gut microbiota composition, circulating hormones, and acne severity.
Key Insights: The interplay between gut health, hormone levels, and skin condition suggests a role for liver-mediated hormone clearance in acne pathogenesis

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Genetically Predicted Testosterone and Gynaecological Disorders​

• Published: 2023

• Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology

• Study Design: Mendelian randomization study.

• Findings: High levels of testosterone are associated with increased risks of PCOS, endometriosis, and other gynaecological disorders.

• Key Insights: Genetic predispositions affecting hormone metabolism may interact with liver function, influencing the development of endocrine disorders.

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Androgen Metabolism Gene Polymorphisms and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

• Published: 2017

• Source: Prostate Journal

• Study Design: Case-control study comparing men with BPH to controls.

• Findings: Variants in genes responsible for androgen metabolism (including liver enzymes like CYP3A4 and UGTs) were associated with increased risk of BPH.

• Key Insight: Genetic differences affecting liver-mediated androgen clearance may predispose men to prostate enlargement.

 

Altered Steroid Hormone Metabolism in Men with BPH and Liver Disease​

• Published: 2018

• Source: European Urology Focus

• Study Design: Hormone profiling study in men with BPH and comorbid liver disease.

• Findings: Men with both conditions had higher circulating levels of bioactive androgens and lower levels of androgen metabolites, suggesting impaired hepatic clearance.

• Key Insight: Liver impairment may exacerbate androgenic stimulation of prostate tissue, promoting enlargement.

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Physiopathology of PCOS​

• Published: 2025

• Source: Journal of Ovarian Research

• Study Design: Review article.

• Findings: Disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis lead to hormonal imbalances in PCOS.

• Key Insights: Hormonal dysregulation in PCOS may be influenced by liver function, emphasizing the liver's role in endocrine health.

 

Nutrition and Gynaecological Diseases​

• Published: 2021

• Source: PMC

• Study Design: Review article.

• Findings: Dietary fats influence estrogen metabolism and inflammation, potentially affecting the development of uterine fibroids.

• Key Insights: Nutrition plays a role in hormone metabolism and liver function, impacting gynaecological health.

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Reproductive Hormone Metabolism in PCOS​

• Published: 2020

• Source: PubMed

• Study Design: Comparative study involving 100 women with PCOS-related infertility and 30 controls.

• Findings: Women with PCOS exhibited hormonal imbalances, including elevated testosterone and estradiol levels, which were more pronounced in those with abdominal obesity.

• Key Insights: Obesity exacerbates hormonal imbalances in PCOS, potentially impacting liver function and hormone metabolism.​​

 

 

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